Currency exchange: buying and selling rates, spread and how not to lose money
Why the NBU official rate is only a reference, how much the spread costs on an exchange there and back, and how to buy currency in parts.
You can receive money from abroad in Ukraine with no NBU limits: by SWIFT transfer to an account via IBAN, by transfer to a card through Visa or Mastercard, or in cash through money transfer systems. The cheapest option is usually a transfer in the same currency to a currency account, because you avoid double conversion. Sending money abroad from Ukraine is harder: since 11 August 2026 payments abroad from hryvnia accounts and transfers from a currency account to accounts abroad are limited to UAH 200,000 a month. Transfers from parents, children, siblings and grandparents who are Ukrainian tax residents are not taxed.
| Method | How it works | When it suits |
|---|---|---|
| SWIFT transfer to an account | The sender transfers money from their bank account to yours via IBAN. It goes through correspondent banks and takes one to several business days | Large and regular amounts, wages, currency transfers to a currency account |
| Transfer to a card by number | Through Visa or Mastercard card to card, or via online transfer services. The money arrives within minutes | Small amounts from relatives and friends when speed matters |
| Cash transfer | The sender pays at a money transfer point, and you receive cash or a credit using a transfer code | When the recipient has no account or card, or for one-off transfers |
There are no NBU limits on receiving money from abroad. But each method has its own service and bank limits per transaction, and the bank may check large amounts as part of financial monitoring.
For the transfer to arrive without delays or returns, give the sender exact details:
The sender also chooses who pays the bank fees:
| Option | Who pays | What you receive |
|---|---|---|
| OUR | The sender pays all fees, including intermediary banks | The full amount; most expensive for the sender |
| SHA | Each side pays its own bank's fee | The amount minus intermediary and your bank's fees |
| BEN | All fees are deducted from the transfer | The smallest amount |
The fee in the tariff is only part of the cost. The full price of a transfer has three parts:
So for regular income, open an account in the currency you are sent, and compare not the fee but the amount that actually arrives. How to judge losses on the exchange rate and sell currency well is explained in the article on currency exchange.
During martial law the NBU restricts currency outflows, so sending money from Ukraine is harder than receiving it. After the easing of 11 August 2026 the main rules are:
Paying for treatment, study abroad and other special cases may follow separate rules: ask your bank which documents are needed.
A transfer in itself does not create a tax. What matters is what kind of income it is:
| What you receive | Tax |
|---|---|
| A gift from parents, children, a spouse, siblings, grandparents or grandchildren who are Ukrainian tax residents | Not taxed and not declared |
| Repayment of a loan | Not taxed, but it is worth having proof of the loan |
| Material aid related to the war from foreign states, funds or charities | Not taxed and not declared |
| Wages, fees and other foreign income of a Ukrainian tax resident | 18% personal income tax and 5% military levy, must be declared; tax paid abroad can be credited under an international treaty |
| A gift from a person who is not a Ukrainian tax resident | Under the Tax Code it is taxed at a higher rate and declared: check your situation with the State Tax Service |
Foreign income is converted into hryvnias at the NBU rate on the date of receipt. To credit tax paid abroad, you need a certificate from the foreign tax authority stating the tax amount and the source of income, and the credit cannot exceed the tax due in Ukraine.
The tax service does not automatically see every transfer, but the bank must check unusual transactions. Regular large incoming payments from unrelated people with no explanation may lead to questions from the bank and even blocking. How such monitoring works is explained in the article on transfer limits.
Checked against official sources on October 29, 2026. If a figure changes, we update the article and the «Updated» date changes automatically.
This article is for information only. Fees, exchange rates and available transfer methods depend on the bank and the service. Wartime NBU limits change, so check current terms with your bank before a large transfer. Tax situations involving foreign income can be complex; if in doubt, contact the State Tax Service consultation centre.
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